Studi e Saggi Linguistici

V. 60 N. 1 (2022)
Articoli

Intensificatori e soggettificazione in latino: sulla grammaticalizzazione di maxime

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  • Annamaria Bartolotta
Annamaria Bartolotta
Università di Palermo
Biografia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4454/ssl.v60i1.308

Pubblicato 2022-07-27

Parole chiave

  • intensifiers,
  • subjectification,
  • discourse markers,
  • grammaticalization,
  • Latin
Informativa sui diritti

Abstract

Il lavoro intende indagare la grammaticalizzazione dell'avverbio intensificatore maxime in latino arcaico, nella prospettiva della cosiddetta ‘subjectification theory’ (Traugott 1995; Traugott & Dasher 2002; Traugott 2008; Athanasiadou 2007). Nonostante la difficoltà di tracciare confini discreti all'interno di una categoria multifunzionale come quella degli avverbi (cfr., tra gli altri, Ramat & Ricca 1998: 206; Paradis 2003: 15; Pinkster 2004: 196; Simon-Vanderbergen & Aijmer 2007: 63; Rosén 2009: 325; Kroon 2011: 179; Fruyt 2011: 670), l'analisi semantica, sintattica e pragmatica di maxime in diversi contesti d'uso consente di individuare almeno tre funzioni principali nei testi latini arcaici, soprattutto nelle commedie di Plauto e Terenzio. In particolare, adottando la prospettiva della Functional Discourse Grammar (Hengeveld & Mackenzie 2008), si dimostra che maxime è utilizzato: (i) come avverbio di grado, che modifica un'ampia gamma di elementi a livello di parola o di sintagma con valore intensificativo e/o enfatico; (ii) come avverbio modale, che estende il suo dominio sull'intera proposizione, esprimendo l'atteggiamento o l'assunzione di responsabilità del parlante rispetto a quanto enunciato; (iii) come marcatore discorsivo, che sviluppa funzioni interazionali e testuali a livello pragmatico (intersubjectification), modificando la forza illocutiva della proposizione o marcando una risposta enfatica nel contesto immediato di richieste e ordini (cfr. Kroon 1998: 214).

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